Education 2047 #Blog 49 (30 SEP 2025)
For centuries, books have been the ultimate symbol of knowledge. In India, we treated books with reverence, almost as sacred objects. Many of us grew up with the ritual of touching a fallen book to our forehead before placing it back respectfully. Books were not just sources of information—they were the very gateways to wisdom, repositories of human thought that connected us across generations and cultures.
But as we move toward Education 2047, I often ask myself: are books still as central to learning as they once were? Or are they becoming less relevant as we climb the higher rungs of learning? This question becomes even more critical as we witness the transformation of education from a knowledge-transfer model to one focused on competency, creativity, and real-world application.
The Sacred Text Tradition and Its Deep Roots
The reverence for books in Indian culture runs deeper than mere superstition. From the palm leaf manuscripts of ancient Kerala to the illuminated texts of Nalanda University, books represented something profound—the crystallization of human wisdom into a form that could transcend time and space. When we touched a fallen book to our forehead, we weren't just being traditional; we were acknowledging the sacred nature of knowledge preservation.
This cultural relationship with books shaped entire civilizations. In the gurukul system, students would travel vast distances to access a single manuscript, copying it by hand and memorizing its contents. Books were scarce, precious, and therefore deserving of deep study. The Vedas, Upanishads, mathematical treatises of Aryabhata, and philosophical works of Nagarjuna—these texts didn't just contain information; they embodied entire worldviews that students would internalize and then extend.
The book was both medium and message—its physical presence commanded respect, and its contents demanded careful contemplation. Libraries were temples of learning, and librarians were revered as guardians of wisdom. This relationship created a learning culture built on patience, reverence, and deep engagement with ideas.
Books and the Lower Rungs of Learning
Bloom's Taxonomy provides us with a useful lens through which to examine the evolving role of books in education. At the foundational levels—Remember and Understand—books remain extraordinarily powerful instruments of learning. They excel at providing definitions, formulas, historical narratives, and theoretical frameworks in a structured, comprehensive manner.
Consider how effectively books serve these basic cognitive functions. A medical student learning anatomy can rely on authoritative texts like Gray's Anatomy for detailed illustrations, systematic organization of information, and comprehensive explanations. Similarly, engineering students turn to foundational texts like Resnick and Halliday's Fundamentals of Physics for theoretical groundwork and worked examples that build understanding systematically.
At these levels, the linear, carefully structured nature of books is actually an advantage. They present information in logical sequences, building complexity gradually. The permanence of text allows students to revisit concepts, highlight important passages, and create personal study systems. Books provide a stable foundation upon which higher-order learning can be constructed.
But as soon as we move to Apply and Analyze, the limitations begin to show dramatically. Books can provide worked examples and case studies, but they cannot generate the unique, dynamic contexts in which learners must apply their knowledge. Real-world application requires adapting principles to novel situations, dealing with incomplete information, and making decisions under uncertainty—none of which books can simulate effectively.
At the highest levels—Evaluate and Create—books almost disappear from the scene entirely. No book can evaluate the originality of a student's idea, assess the quality of their creative work, or provide feedback on innovative solutions. These higher-order thinking skills require interaction, experimentation, and iterative refinement that static texts simply cannot provide.
Ancient Wisdom: The Gurukul Hierarchy
Interestingly, the Gurukul tradition in India anticipated this progression centuries ago. It differentiated teacher roles across levels of learning in a remarkably sophisticated way that mirrors our modern understanding of cognitive development. The system recognized six distinct levels of educational guidance:
Adhyapak focused on basic instruction and memory development (Remember), ensuring students could accurately recall and recite fundamental knowledge. Upadhyay guided comprehension and understanding (Understand), helping students grasp the meaning and significance of what they had memorized. Acharya emphasized applied living (Apply), showing students how to use knowledge in practical situations and daily life.
Pundit engaged in critical analysis (Analyze), teaching students to examine ideas, compare different perspectives, and understand complex relationships. Drishta facilitated deeper evaluation (Evaluate), helping students develop judgment and the ability to assess the value and validity of ideas. Finally, Guru represented the pinnacle—ultimate creation and transformation (Create)—guiding students to generate new knowledge and achieve profound personal transformation.
This layered approach ensured that learners progressed systematically through increasingly sophisticated levels of engagement with knowledge, without being trapped at the lower levels of mere memorization and basic comprehension. The system recognized that different types of learning require different types of guidance and different tools.
Books, however, largely cater only to the early functions of Adhyapak and Upadhyay—providing information and explanations but unable to engage in the dynamic, interactive processes required for higher-order learning. This ancient insight reinforces why books lose relevance as learning moves toward application, analysis, evaluation, and creation.
The Age of Abundance and Cognitive Transformation
The context in which we learn has undergone a revolutionary transformation. When I was a student, access to a library was a privilege that required physical presence, limited borrowing periods, and careful planning. Today, knowledge is free and abundant, available instantly to anyone with a smartphone and, increasingly, with an AI companion that can explain, elaborate, and engage in dialogue about any topic.
We have moved through three distinct phases of knowledge access: from external memory (books) where information was stored outside ourselves in physical objects, to shared memory (the internet) where information became universally accessible through networks, to augmented cognition (AI and BCI) where artificial intelligence can actively participate in our thinking processes.
In this environment, the idea of guarding or hoarding knowledge inside books feels increasingly obsolete. The scarcity that once made books precious has been replaced by abundance that makes curation and application more valuable than accumulation. Students no longer need to memorize vast amounts of information; instead, they need to develop the skills to navigate, evaluate, and utilize the ocean of available knowledge effectively.
This shift fundamentally changes what education should prioritize. Instead of focusing on information transfer and retention, education must emphasize critical thinking, creative problem-solving, and the ability to synthesize information from multiple sources into novel solutions.
The Persistent but Diminished Role of Books
Books are not vanishing entirely; they still play important roles in our educational ecosystem, but these roles are becoming more specialized and contextual rather than central and universal.
In early education, books remain crucial for developing reading habits, imagination, and cultural grounding. Children's literature, in particular, provides irreplaceable experiences in narrative understanding, empathy development, and language acquisition. The shared cultural references that come from reading common texts continue to be important for social cohesion and communication.
Books also excel at nurturing affective skills through stories, poetry, and human narratives. They offer emotional and spiritual dimensions of learning that technical information cannot provide. The experience of reading a well-crafted novel or thoughtful essay engages different cognitive and emotional processes than consuming information through digital media.
Furthermore, books offer depth and immersion that quick searches often cannot match. They provide sustained, systematic exploration of complex topics, encouraging the kind of deep thinking that our increasingly fragmented attention spans desperately need. The experience of working through a challenging text from beginning to end builds intellectual stamina and persistence.
However, books are no longer the endpoints of learning. They have become, at best, starting points—springboards into deeper exploration, experimentation, and creation. The real learning happens in what students do with the ideas they encounter in books, not in the reading itself.
From Reading to Doing: The Heutagogical Shift
The emergence of heutagogy—self-determined learning—represents a fundamental shift in how we understand the learning process. In this paradigm, learning is not measured by how many books one has read or how much information one can recall, but by what one can do with knowledge in real-world contexts.
This approach emphasizes several key capabilities that books alone cannot develop:
Solving real problems requires students to apply knowledge in messy, complex situations where multiple variables interact and perfect solutions rarely exist. This demands synthesis, adaptation, and creative thinking that goes far beyond what any text can provide.
Designing new frameworks involves taking existing knowledge and recombining it in novel ways to address previously unsolved challenges. This creative synthesis cannot be learned through reading; it must be practiced through hands-on experimentation and iteration.
Collaborating across disciplines has become essential in our interconnected world, where the most important challenges—climate change, public health, social justice—require expertise from multiple fields. Books typically present knowledge within disciplinary silos, but real-world problem-solving requires breaking down these boundaries.
Creating value for society means translating knowledge into actions, products, or services that make a meaningful difference in people's lives. This translation process involves understanding human needs, testing solutions, and iterating based on feedback—all activities that require engagement with the world beyond texts.
The book may spark an idea or provide foundational knowledge, but the learning journey demands projects, peers, practice, and reflection—none of which can be replaced by reading alone.
A Tale of Two Approaches
The difference between traditional book-based learning and modern competency-based education becomes clear when we compare specific cases.
Case Study: Yash vs. Pihu
Yash, a diligent student preparing for a competitive exam, dedicated one week to reading 200 pages of hydraulic engineering theory. He carefully highlighted key concepts, memorized formulas, and could accurately reproduce the principles he had studied. His notebook was filled with neat summaries and diagrams copied from his textbooks.
Meanwhile, his friend Pihu took a different approach. She spent the same week working on a practical problem using AI tools—simulating water flow in her village canal system and proposing specific improvements based on local conditions. She analyzed real topographical data, consulted with village elders about water usage patterns, tested different design scenarios using modeling software, and presented her findings to the local panchayat.
Both students invested equal time and effort, but the nature of their learning was fundamentally different. Reading built Yash's memory and gave him a solid theoretical foundation, but Pihu built her capacity to create meaningful change in the real world. She developed problem-solving skills, learned to work with real data, gained experience in stakeholder engagement, and created something of genuine value for her community.
When these students enter the workforce, the difference will be immediately apparent. Yash will need additional training to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Pihu, having already demonstrated her ability to solve real problems, will be ready to contribute immediately.
This contrast illustrates the fundamental shift happening in education. Traditional approaches that prioritize information acquisition are giving way to methods that emphasize application, creation, and real-world impact.
The Future Learning Ecosystem
As we approach Education 2047, the challenge is not to abandon books entirely but to understand their proper place in a more diverse and dynamic educational ecosystem. Books will likely remain important for certain functions—providing foundational knowledge, offering deep exploration of complex ideas, and preserving cultural heritage. But for application, analysis, evaluation, and creation, we'll need to rely increasingly on interactive technologies, experiential learning, and collaborative approaches.
The future of learning will likely be hybrid, combining the depth and authority of books with the interactivity and adaptability of digital technologies. Students might still read foundational texts to build knowledge, but then apply that knowledge through simulations, collaborate on projects using digital platforms, and receive feedback from AI tutors and human mentors.
Virtual and augmented reality technologies are creating immersive learning experiences that allow students to explore ancient civilizations, conduct virtual chemistry experiments, or practice surgical procedures in safe, simulated environments. These technologies provide experiential learning opportunities that books simply cannot match.
Interactive simulations and gaming platforms are making learning more engaging and effective, particularly for complex subjects like physics, economics, or systems thinking. Students can manipulate variables, observe outcomes, and develop intuitive understanding through direct experience rather than abstract descriptions.
Conclusion: Beyond the Throne of Learning
The sacred respect we once held for books need not disappear entirely. Instead, it can evolve into a broader reverence for knowledge itself, regardless of the medium through which it is transmitted. Just as we once touched fallen books to our forehead in respect, we might learn to approach all sources of wisdom—whether textual, digital, or experiential—with the same spirit of reverence and intellectual humility.
Books will always remain companions of humanity, cherished for their ability to preserve thoughts across time and provide deep, sustained engagement with ideas. But in Education 2047, they will no longer occupy the throne of learning. They will become one tool among many—useful for grounding, reflection, and inspiration, but insufficient for higher-order learning.
The future belongs to learners who use books as springboards, not as cages. Learning is no longer about what is written in books; it is about what we can evaluate, imagine, and create beyond them. The transformation from sacred texts to dynamic learning ecosystems represents not a loss but an evolution—an expansion of human potential that our ancestors, who first revered those palm leaf manuscripts, would surely celebrate.
In this new paradigm, the greatest tribute we can pay to the wisdom tradition embodied in books is to use that wisdom as a foundation for creating something entirely new—solutions to challenges that no previous generation could have imagined, innovations that push the boundaries of human knowledge, and applications that make the world a better place for all.
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About the Author
The author combines educational leadership with technology foresight in his role as Pro-Chancellor of JIS University, Kolkata. His background includes strategic positions with India's key educational bodies—AICTE and TIFAC—where he developed expertise in translating technological possibilities into educational realities. Co-author of Technology Vision 2035: Roadmap for Education, he has dedicated significant research to understanding how India's learning ecosystems must evolve. The analysis presented here represents his independent thinking on assessment transformation, informed by professional experience but expressed as personal insights.
Previous 48 blogs
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· Ancient Wisdom, Digital Age: What Dronacharya Knew About Teaching With AI
· Will Universities Survive the Age of AI and BCI ?
· From Factories of Marks to Foundries of Character: Indian Higher Education in the AI Age
· Breaking the Silos: Reimagining Universities without Subjects (PART II)
· Breaking the Silos: Reimagining Universities without Subjects (PART I)
· Designed to Label, Doomed to Lose: Rethinking a System that Fails its Learners
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· The Great Educational Reversal: Responding to AI's New Role in Learning
· Architects of Viksit Bharat: Why Universities must Recognize Achievement over Graduation
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· The Digital Macaulay: A Modern Threat to Indian Higher Education
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